Extreme temperatures around the world

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EXTREME TEMPERATURES AROUND THE WORLD RELATED LINKS 

National and Continental Extreme Temperatures includes the national extreme temperatures with dates and sources.

Monthly Temperatures Records includes the world and continental extreme temperatures month by month.It also includes statistics of temperature records by latitude and altitude.

Countries without frost includes a list of the countries where frost has never been recorded.

Snowfalls by country includes a detailed list by country of the most rare snowfalls and the countries where snow has never been recorded.

Glaciers by country includes a detailed list of the countries with glaciers and with permanent snowpatches.

Extreme Temperatures Around the World news now on X and Bluesky !



LIST OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS BETWEEN 2002 AND 2010 -CLICK HERE


LIST OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS BETWEEN 2011 AND 2020 -CLICK HERE


LIST OF TEMPERATURE RECORDS BETWEEN 2021 AND 2023 -CLICK HERE



Temperature Records during 2024:


Note: Celsius degrees are used. Click here to open the 
Celsius-Fahrenheit degrees Converter

                    MIN  MAX 

AFGHANISTAN
Kabul             -25.5  40.5
Kandahar          -12.1  46.5
Jalalabad          -7.8  48.8*   * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments
Mazar al Sharif     -24  48.1
Ghazni            -33.5  37
Zaranj            -13.2  49.6*   * a dubious 51.0C was likely taken with not proper instruments
Farah             -11.9  49.8
Shahrak           -52.2
ALBANIA
Tirana            -10.4  43
Durres               -9  41.8
Shkoder             -13  42.8
Cerrik             -9.4  43.2
Kucova                   44
Kallmet                  45.3*   * unofficial, questioned
Kukes               -21  42.5
Shtylle             -29
Bize              -34.7*         * unofficial, dubious
ALGERIA
Algiers Airport      -4  48.7
Oran                 -3* 45.8    * -4.2C was also recorded in the Tafaraoui Airport
In Salah           -3.3  50.6
Ouargla            -6.7  51.3
Batna               -20  45.1
Constantine         -10  45.5
Tamanrasset          -7  41.6
ANDORRA
Andorra La Vella    -16  37.9
Hidroelectrica      -16  36
Engolaster Lake     -21  33
Borda Vidal              39.4
Grau Roig         -27.3
Port d'Envalira     -34*         * unofficial, dubious
ANGOLA
Luanda               12  36.9
Bie (Silva Porto)    -5* 32      * suspicious, likely taken under not proper conditions
Mavinga            -3.9
Bicuari Nat.Park   -4.1
Namibe                3  40.3
Espinheira               41.6
Cabinda              12  35.4
ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA
Saint John's       15.6  33.8
Bird Airport       16.1  34.9     
Codrington (Barbuda)17.2 35*     * suspicious 
ARGENTINA
Buenos Aires Obser.-5.4* 43.3    * -6.4C was also recorded in June 1830
Ezeiza Airport     -7.8  44.3
Cordoba           -10.3  45*     * a 45.6C in 1917 was likely taken with not proper instruments
Bahia Blanca      -11.8  43.8
Mar del Plata      -9.3  42.4
Mendoza            -9.2  44.9
Rosario           -11.1  42.4*   * an old record of 43.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments
Santiago del Estero -10  46.5*   * a temperature of 47.0C was also recorded in the observatory
Catamarca            -9  47*     * a temperature of 47.1C was also recorded in the observatory 
Tucuman            -7.2  45
Salta              -9.9  39.9
Campo Gallo        -8.1  47.3
Morillo                  48.5*   * dubious
Ingeniero Juarez         47.8*   * dubious
Rivadavia          -7.2  47*     * a very dubious 48.9C was likely taken with not proper instruments
Villa de Maria    -10.5  44.6*   * a very dubious 49.1C was likely taken with not proper instruments
Neuquen           -12.8  42.3
Comodoro Rivadavia -8.5  40.2
Bariloche         -21.1  36.4
Ushuaia           -21.1  29.5
Perito Moreno     -25.7  38.2
Sarmiento           -33* 38.3    * very dubious, likely taken recorded under not proper conditions
Buen Pasto          -34*         * dubious
Maquinchao        -25.6* 39      * an unreliable -35.3C was reported in July 1991
Pato Superior Valley-39  27
Veladero            -44*         * unofficial
Cona Niyeu        -36.2*         * questioned
Alto Rio Senguer    -30
Las Bayas           -30  38
ARMENIA
Yerevan             -31  42.4
Gyumri              -35  37.5
Vanadzor            -30  36.1
Sisian              -34  36.2
Megri               -22  43.7
Shurabad (Paghakn)-46.7  31     
AUSTRALIA
Canberra            -10  44
Sydney Airport     -0.1  46.4
Sydney Observatory  2.1  45.8
Brisbane Airport   -0.1  40.2
Brisbane City       2.3  43.2
Melbourne City     -2.8  46.4*   * 46.8C also recorded in the Airport Station
Hobart City        -2.8* 41.8    * -3.9C also recorded in the Airport Station
Adelaide City      -0.4  47.7
Adelaide Airport   -2.6  45.8
Perth Airport      -1.3  46.7
Perth City         -0.7  46.2
Darwin Airport     10.8  38.9
Albany City         0.1  44.8
Esperance City     -0.6  46.9
Carnarvon           2.4  49.9
Broome              3.3  44.8
Alice Springs      -7.5  45.7
Cairns              6.2  43.6   
Birdsville         -1.7  49.5
Onslow              3.1  50.7
Oodnadatta         -2.6  50.7
Charlotte Pass      -23  29.7
Lord Howe Island    5.9  31.3
Norfolk Island AP   6.2  28.4
Kingston (Norfolk)  4.4* 32.2*   * unofficial,unreliable, taken with not proper instruments
Willis Island      16.4  35.2
Cocos Islands AP   18.3  33.2
Christmas Isl. AP  16.2  31.6*         * 31.8C recorded in November 1981 is unreliable
Rocky Point (Christmas Isl.) 33.2*     * dubious
Flying Fish Cove (Christmas I.)35*     * unofficial,dubious
Heard Island      -11.5  26.1
Macquarie Island   -9.4  17.1
AUSTRIA
Vienna            -26.3* 39.5    * unofficial -27C also recorded 
Klagenfurt        -27.8  38.1
Linz              -29.1  38
Salzburg          -31.1  38.6
Graz              -28.8  38.8
Innsbruck         -30.6* 38.5    * -31.3C was also recorded in December 1788
Dellach im Drautal-24.8  39.9
Bad Deutsch-Altenburg    40.5
Zwettl            -36.6  36.3
Halltal             -40*         * unofficial, questioned
Sonnblick         -37.4  15.7
Grunloch          -52.6*         * unofficial, recorded in February 1932 in a frost hollow
AZERBAIJAN
Baku              -14.7  42.7
Ganja             -17.8* 42*     * extremes of -18.8C and 43.3C were recorded in another station
Zakataly          -22.8  41.2 
Goytapa                  47.4
Great Caucasus Stat.-45*         * unofficial
Ordubad (Nakhichivan)-33 46
Julfa (Nakhichivan)  -33 46
Xankhandi (Artsakh)  -19 40
BAHAMAS
Nassau              5.2* 36.5    * a dubious 5.0C was also recorded in January 1945
Freeport Airport      3  36
West End            1.7*         * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments
Marsh Harbour       8.9  35
BAHRAIN
Manama Intl Air.    2.8  47.5
Awali                -5*         * very dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments
International Circuit    48.7
BANGLADESH
Dhaka               5.6  42.2
Chittagong          6.3  40.6
Rajshahi            3.4  45.1
Dinajpur            1.1  43.6
Sylhet              3.4  40.5
Teknaf              9.5  38.6
BARBADOS
Bridgetown         15.5  35.5*  * 36.2C in 2007 is probably unreliable
Grantley Adams AP  15.6  34
St. James                35.6
Gibbons Boggs        15    
Waterford            15      
BELARUS
Minsk             -39.1  35.8
Gomel             -35.1  38.9
Vasilevichi       -35.7  38
Slavnoye          -42.2
Hanusowszczyzna     -43*         * unofficial, dubious
BELGIUM
Brussels          -21.1  40.2    
Uccle             -18.7  39.7
Ostend              -19  39.3    
Antwerp           -18.5  40.4
Gent              -20.6  40.1
Liege               -21* 41      * -24.4C also recorded in December 1783
Begijnendijk             41.8
Rochefort         -30.1  
BELIZE
Belmopan            6.1  41
Belize City         7.8  37.7
Barton Creek             42.3
Chaa Creek               42.3
Punta Gorda        10.6  38.4
Augustine           5.6  39
Sibun Hill            4  
BENIN
Porto Novo           16  37.5
Cotonou              17  37.5
Kandi               8.5  44.5*   * dubious
BHUTAN
Thimphu             -10  33.5
Punakha              -4  38.5
Phuentsholing       4.5  40
Tangmachu                40
Paro Int.Airport  -12.9  33
Chamkhar          -14.5  28
Namjeyling        -14.5  
BOLIVIA
Sucre                -6  32*     * a dubious 34.7C was also recorded in the Observatory
La Paz Downtown      -6  28.9
La Paz El Alto    -15.2  23
Charana           -23.8  26.4
Oruro             -22.4  27.6
Cochabamba           -7  36.2*   * 39C was also recorded at the Sarco station
Tarija              -10  39.7  
Camiri             -5.2  44
Cobija                7  40.7
Santa Cruz          1.8  41.6
Uyuni             -25.7  31.5
Villamontes          -7  47*     * unofficial temperature of 47.2C also recorded in January 1953
Aguaraycito              47
BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
Sarajevo          -26.4  40
Sarajevo Airport  -30.2  39.9
Mostar            -16.4  43.1
Bihac             -29.2  42
Livno             -29.6  38.2
Brcko               -25  42
Bjelasnica        -33.6  25.3                 
Veliko Polje      -43.5
Banja Luka (Sprska R.)  -28.4  41.8
Bijeljina (Sprska R.)   -28.6  43       
Sokolac (Sprska R.)     -34.6  36
BOTSWANA
Gabarone           -6.5  42.7
Francistown        -6.5  42.1
Ghanzi             -8.5  42.2
Tsabong           -10.6  43.5*   * an unofficial reading of 44.1C was recorded in October 2016
Maun               -6.4  43.8   
Ramotswa                 44.3*   * unofficial
BRAZIL
Brasilia            1.6* 36.5*   * extreme temperatures of 1.3C and 36.6C were recorded at the Airport station
Sao Paulo          -2.1* 37.8*   * unofficial temperatures of -4C and 39.3C were recorded in other parts of the city
Rio de Janeiro Center10.2* 39.1* * extreme temperatures of 4.8C and 43.2C were recorded in other parts of the city
Salvador de Bahia  16.8* 37.1    * a lowest temperature of 14.6C was recorded in the Airport
Recife             16.8  36
Fortaleza          17.6* 36      * 16.8C was also recorded in the Porangaba Station
Belem              18.4  38.5
F.de Noronha Island18.9  33
Teresina           13.8* 42.4    * a record of 11.6C in 1922 is likely incorrect
Manaus             17.2  39.7
Boa Vista          18.2  40
Belo Horizonte      2.2  37.1*   * 38.6C was also recorded in the Airport station
Porto Alegre         -4  40.7*   * unofficial 41.3C was recorded in February 2010
Curitiba           -6.3* 35.5*   * unofficial temperatures of -8.9C and 37.4C were recorded in the old Observatory
Foz do Iguacu      -4.2  40.4
Florianopolis       1.3* 40      * a lowest of -1.0C was also recorded at the Airport station 
Campo Grande       -3.4  41
Orleans            -5.8  44.6
Bom Jesus do Piaui 11.9  44.8*   * very questioned, likely taken with not proper instruments
Sao Joaquim         -10  31.4
Xanxere           -11.6  36.6
Cacador             -14* 38      * unofficial
Morro da Igreja   -17.8*         * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments
BRUNEI
Bandar Seri Begawan 18.4 38.3
BULGARIA
Sofia             -31.2  39.8*   * 41.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station
Plovdiv           -31.5  45
Varna             -24.3  41.4
Burgas            -21.6  42.8
Sadovo            -30.7  45.2*   * questioned
Montana                  45.9*   * unofficial,dubious
Mussala Peak      -31.6  20
Trun              -38.3  37.3
BURKINA FASO
Ouagadougou         8.5  44.5
Dori                5.7  47.5
Markoye               5  46
Banankaledaga       2.9* 41.9    * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments
BURUNDI
Bujumbura          10.1  35.5*   * 37C recorded in the old station is possibly unreliable
Mparambo            7.5  37.5
Gisozi             -0.9* 28.9    * recorded in the in the Marais station
CAMBODIA
Phnom Penh         12.8  41
Siam Reap           9.5  41.2
Battabang          10.4  41
Kampot             14.7  37.2
Stoeng Treng          9  41.4
Preah Vihear             42.8
Svay Leu                 42.8
Popok Vil           7.1
Sen Monorom         5.7* 40.2*   * unofficial, dubious
CAMEROON
Yaounde              11  35.7
Douala               18  37.7
Garoua              8.3  45.5
Maroua                6  45.9
Kousseri            9.7  47.7*   * dubious
Ngaoundere          3.2  39.5
Benoue River       -0.7
Fako Peak          -2.7*         * unofficial
CANADA
Ottawa            -38.9  37.8*   * 38.9C was also recorded in the old Observatory
Toronto City      -32.8  40.6
Montreal          -37.8* 36.6    * -42C was also recorded in 1859
Quebec City       -36.7  36.1
Halifax           -29.4  37.2
Saint John's        -25* 31.5*   * dubious extremes of -29.4C and 33.9C were recorded in the old Observatory
Calgary             -45  36.5
Edmonton          -49.4  37.2*    *37.4C was also recorded in the South Campus Station in 2021
Vancouver         -18.3  34.4*   * 40.6C also recorded in the West Vancouver station
Victoria          -15.6  39.8
Regina              -50  43.9
Winnipeg          -47.8  42.2
Churchill         -49.4  36.9
Dawson            -58.3  35
Yelloknwife       -53.9  32.7
Sachs Harbour     -52.2  24.8
Eureka            -55.3  21.9
Alert               -50  21
Cape Dorset       -42.8  25
Lytton            -31.7  49.6
Snag              -62.8
Fort Nelson         -71*        * unofficial,dubious
CAPE VERDE
Praia              13.3  37.3
Sal                  10  36
Mindelo              10  36.2
Monte Velha           5
CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC
Bangui              9.8  40.4
Bouar                10  40
Berberati           9.8  39.6
Birao               3.1  45
CHAD
N'Djamena           6.5  46.6*   * 47.0C was recorded in the city station in March 1936
Faya                2.5  48*     * 49.7C  recorded in 1952 was taken with not proper instruments
Sarh                9.8  45
Bardai             -4.5  43
Wour                 -5  
Trou au Natron     -6.8  26.8
CHILE
Santiago Observ.   -6.8  38.3
Valparaiso           -4  37.8
Arica               5.2* 33.6    * a dubious 1.0C was also recorded in another station in 1952
Puerto Montt         -8  35.1
Temuco             -8.1  41.1*   * a dubious 42.0 was also recorded in 1953
Los Angeles        -7.9  42.2
Cauquenes                45*     * dubious
Punta Arenas      -18.7  29.9
Balmaceda         -28.3  35.3
Ollague             -37
Coyhaique Alto      -37
Evangelistas Islands -8  23.2
Robinson Crusoe Isl.  3  28.8
Easter Island       7.2  31*     * 32.5C was also recorded at Hanga Roa Port in February 2017
CHINA
Beijing           -27.4  42.6*   * dubious old temperature of 44.4C was recorded in July 1743
Shanghai          -12.1* 40.9    * unofficial -13.3C recorded in January 1893
Fuzhou             -1.9  41.9
Guangzhou (Canton) -0.6* 39.1    * unofficial record of -5.0C was set in January 1893
Shenzhen            0.2  38.7
Xiamen              0.1  39.6
Nanning            -2.1  40.4
Chongqing          -2.5  44
Chengdu            -5.9  39.4*   * 40.1C was also recorded in the old observatory
Kunming            -7.8  32.8
Wuhan             -18.1  39.6*   * 42.0C was also recorded in another station of the city 
Xian              -20.6  42.9
Tianjin           -22.9  41.5*   * 43.3C was also recorded in another station in June 1942
Haikou              2.8  41.3
Shenyang          -33.1  39.3
Harbin            -41.4  39.2
Urumqi            -41.5  42.1*   * 44C was also recorded at the Airport Station
Lhasa             -16.5* 30.8*   * old unofficial extremes of -20C and 31.7C were reported 
Xigaze            -25.1  29   
Turpan            -28.9  49   
Sanbao                   52.2
Mohe              -52.3  39.3
Jintao (Amur Town)  -53*          * semi-official ,recorded in a provincial automatic station
Genhe               -58*          * unofficial
Woody Island-Xisha (Paracel)15.3  34.9
Hong Kong Observatory 0  36.6
Hong Kong Airport     3  37.7
Wetland Park (H. Kong)   39
Sheng Shui (H. Kong)     39
Tai Mon Shan Peak(H.Kong)-6  29.4
Taipa Obs. (Macau)       38
Fortaleza do Monte (Macau)-1.8  38.9
Areia Preta (Macau)      39 
Ka Ho (Macau)            39
COLOMBIA
Bogota             -6.4  26.8
Medellin             10  34.4
Cali               13.4  37.4
Barranquilla         18  39.8
Bucaramanga        12.4  34.2
Jerusalen            15  43.4
Leticia              14  39
Berlin              -11  20.8
San Andres Island    17  34.8
COMOROS
Moroni Airport     13.9  36.2
Ouani  (Anjouan)   13.7  35
CONGO BRAZZAVILLE
Brazzaville        10.3  37.6
Pointe Noire       12.4  34.8
Impfondo             12  39.6
Mpouya             12.5  39.2
Sibiti              8.9  34.8
CONGO KINSHASA
Kinshasa           11.2  37.2
Lubumbashi          0.6  37.2
Kisangani          14.8  38.6
Kananga              13  35.3
Kisanga            -2.8  36.6
Kulu                  9  40.6
Yahila                   41*     * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
COSTA RICA
San Jose City      10.4* 32.6*   * more extreme temperatures before 1970 were affected by overexposure
Alajuela             11  35.2
Liberia              11  40.1
Puntarenas         15.4  40
Cerro Huacalito          41.5
Puerto Limon       13.2  34.6
Villa Mills          -2  27.5
Irazu Volcano      -3.4  23.2
COTE D'IVOIRE
Yamoussoukro        8.2  40.3
Abidjan            14.7  37.3
Odienne             7.8  41.5
Man                   6  39.4
CROATIA
Zagreb            -22.2* 40.3*   * extremes of -30.5C and 40.4C were recorded in other city stations
Dubrovnik            -7  39.4
Split                -9  42.3
Rijeka            -14.6  40
Osijek            -27.1  40.6
Ploce                    42.8
Varazdin            -29  39.4
Palagruza          -4.3  35.7
Gracac            -34.6
Cakovec           -35.5*         * questioned,likely taken with not proper instruments
Gospic            -33.5* 38.7    * an unofficial and questioned -36C was also recorded in February 1929
CUBA
Havana City           6  38.5
Havana Jose Marti   1.2  38.1
Bainoa              0.6  36.5
Sancti Spiritus     4.8  38.5
Pinar del Rio       5.1  37.8
Camaguey              3  38.2
Santiago            8.3  37.8
Guantanamo          9.9  38.5*   * 38.9C was recorded in the US Base in Guantanamo Bay in 2017
Veguitas              7  39.7
CYPRUS
Nicosia            -5.6  46.2
Larnaca            -3.9  43.9
Akotriri           -2.2  40.2
Paphos             -3.9  42.5
Prodromos         -10.7  38.4
Trikoukkia        -12.8
Trodos Mt Station -12.8
Mount Olympus       -16
Ercan-Tynvou (N.Cyprus)-4 45
Lefkonico (North Cyprus)-4.5 46.6
Turkeli (North Cyprus)       46.8
Alevkaya (North Cyprus) -5.4
CZECH REPUBLIC
Prague Clementinum-27.6* 37.9    * -29.6C was also recorded in the Kbely district in 1929
Prague Uhrineves    -29  40.2
Brno              -27.2* 38.5    * -30.9C was also recorded in the Jundrov station in 1929
Ostrava           -27.3  38
Milesovca         -28.3  36.5
Dobrichovice             40.4
Litvinovice       -42.2
DENMARK
Copenhagen          -25* 33.8    * -26.3C was also recorded in January 1789
Aalborg           -27.2  34.4
Odense            -23.1  35.4
Ronne             -20.5  32.6
Holstebro                36.4
Horsted/Thy       -31.2
Nuuk(Greenland)   -32.5  24.9
Upernavik(Greenland)-41  20.5
Kangerlussuaq (Green.)-47.2 25.5
Maniitsoq (Greenland) -25.8 25.9
Tasilaq (Greenland)-30.3 25.3
Nord (Greenland)  -51.9  17
Summit (Greenland) -67.2  3.6
Klinck (Greenland) -69.6
Torshavn (Faroe)  -13.5   22.5   
Vaga Floghavn (Faroe)-12.3  26.3  
DJIBOUTI
Djibouti City        15  47.1
Djibouti Serpent         47.3*    * a suspicious 49.5C was likely taken under not proper conditions
Tadjourah                49.5*    * questioned ,likely taken under not proper conditions
Dikhil               11
DOMINICA
Roseau               15* 35*      * dubious,likely recorded under not proper conditions
Melville Airport   15.2  34.3
Canefield Airport    18  36.6
Brantridge         13.9
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
Santo Domingo        13* 37.7     * 11.4C was also recorded at the Airport Station
Puerto Plata        9.4  39
Santiago           10.1  37.9
Barahona             15  38.4
Mao                12.2  40.4*    * a record of 43.2C was taken with not proper instruments
Jimani               12  40.8
Boca de Mao              41.4
Constanza             0  32.5
Duarte Peak          -8*          * unofficial
Las Piramides        -9*          * unofficial
ECUADOR
Quito Observatory     0  29.9
Guayaquil            14  37.2
Cuenca             -2.9  29.3
Nuevo Rocafuerte     14  38.5
Putumayo                 38.6
Zapotillo                38.6
Izobamba           -4.3  24.7
Latacunga            -6  28.1
El Refugio Cotopaxi-14.2
San Cristobal (Galapagos)12.7  35
Puerto Ayora (Galapagos) 12    35.3
Bellavista (Galapagos)   10    34.6 
EGYPT
Cairo              -1.1  48.4  
Giza                 -4  48
Alexandria          2.2  45.1
Kharga             -2.1  50.3
Aswan              -2.4  50.9*   * old town record of 51.0C was recorded under not proper exposure conditions
Luxor                -2  50
Port Said             0  45
Sharm El Sheik        5  46
Nekhel             -8.8  43.8
Jabal Zubayr        -15  40
EL SALVADOR
San Salvador        8.2  38.6
Acajutla           15.1  40.2
La Union             13  42
San Miguel           10  44.8
La Hachadura             45*     * suspicious,likely taken under not proper exposure
Los Naranjos         -4  32
El Pital Peak      -6.1
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Malabo               16  35.3
Bata                 15  35.6
Moka                  8
Basile Peak           4*         * unofficial
ERITREA
Asmara               -4  31.1
Massawa              10  48
ESTONIA
Tallin            -34.4  34.3
Tartu             -38.6  35.2
Voru              -43.4  35.6
Jogeva            -43.5  34.6
ESWATINI
Mbabane            -6.1  38.3
Manzini               0  42.8
Lavumisa           -0.5  47.4
ETHIOPIA
Addis Abeba City   -0.5* 32*     * extreme temperatures of -3.5C and 34.0C were recorded in other parts of the city
Gondar             -2.8  34.1
Debre Birhan         -8
Sanetti Plateau     -15* 26*     * unofficial
Dallol                   48.9
Elidar                   48
Assaita                  49.6*   * very dubious
FIJI
Suva Airport       12.8  34.9*   * an old suspicious record of 36.7C was recorded in another Station
Nadi               11.3  37.1
Nacocolevu               39.4*   * very dubious
Vatukoula                37.4
Londoni                  37.6*   * dubious
Nadrau              6.5
Navai Valley        5.6
Rotuma Island        17  35.6 
FINLAND
Helsinki Kaisaniemi-34.3 33.2  
Helsinki Vantaa AP -35.9 33.7
Turku             -35.5  35.9*   * very dubious
Joensuu           -39.5  37.2
Tampere             -37  33.2
Jyvaskyla         -38.5  35
Inari             -48.7  32.6
Rovaniemi         -47.5  32.1
Kittila-Pokka     -51.5  31.8
Oulu              -41.5  33.3
Lappeenranta      -38.3  34.6
Lahti               -40  35
Kuopio              -39* 35.5    * -41.1C was also recorded in the Airport Station 
Sodankyla         -49.5* 32.1    * -51.3C was also recorded in February 1862
Marienhamn (Aland)-32.9  31.3
Jomala (Aland)    -33.1  31.6
FRANCE
Paris Downtown    -23.9  42.6
Paris St.Maur     -25.6  43.6
Paris Orly        -16.8  41.9
Lyon              -24.6* 41.4    * -25.0C was also recorded in the Parc de la Tete d'Or Station in January 1893
Marseille         -16.8* 40.6    * -17.5C was also recorded in January 1819 and in January 1709
Bordeaux          -16.4* 42.6    * -23.8C was also recorded in January 1709
Nice               -7.2  37.7
Strasbourg        -23.6* 39.5    * -26.3C was also recorded in December 1788
Lille             -19.5  41.5
Perpignan           -11  42.4
Auxerre           -20.2  41.1*   * 41.5C was also recorded in August 1892
Caen              -19.6* 39.7    * -20.7C was also recorded in the Ecole Normale Station in February 1895
Grenoble          -27.1  39.5
Nantes            -15.6  40.3
Toulon               -9  40.1
Toulouse Airport  -19.2  42.4*    * 44C in 1923 was likely taken with not proper instruments
Verargues                46
Le Triadou               46.1*    * unofficial
Chamonix            -31  37.2
Mont Aigoual        -28  30.4
Mouthe            -36.7* 35.7*    * unofficial records of -41.2C and 36.0C were set in 1985 and 1952
Saint Die des Vosges-37
Mont Blanc          -43   9.3*    * recorded on the Italian side   
Ajaccio            -8.1  40.3*    * a record of 43C was also recorded at the Milelli station
Bastia               -5  38.3
St Pierre (St Pierre Mi.)-22.5  28.3
Cayenne (French Guiana)   20.1  34.4
Cayenne AP (French Guiana)17.2  35.6
Saul (French Guiana)      14.8  36.2
Saint Laurent (F. Guiana) 17.5  38.9
Grand Santi (F. Guiana)         39.3 
Fort de France(Martinique)17.3  35
Lamentin (Martinique)     14.1  35.4
Ducos (Martinique)        14.1  36.6
Champflore (Martinique)   12.1  32
Fonds-St-Denis (Martinique) 12* 33.4   * very dubious
Raizet (Guadeloupe)         13  34.2
Basse Terre (Guadeloupe)    15  35
St-Claude (Guadeloupe)      11* 33     * an unofficial value of 9.8C was recorded in December 1996
Soufriere Volcano (Guad.)  7.6* 29.9   * unofficial
Bailif (Guadeloupe)             36.5
Gustavia  (Saint Barthelemy)15.6  35.8
Orleans (Saint Martin)      17  36.1
Papeete (French Polynesia)14.9  34.6
Bora Bora (French Polyn.) 17.7  35.2
Atuona (French Polynesia) 18.1  36.1
Rapa (French Polynesia)    8.5  31.6
Noumea (New Caledonia)    12.2  36.8
La Roche (New Caledonia)   2.8  33.5
Boulouparis (New Caledonia)     39.9
Bourail (New Caledonia)    2.3  38
Hihifo (Wallis)             18  33.5
Mala'etoli (Wallis)       17.6* 35.2*   * suspicious
Maopoopo (Futuna)           19  35.8
Saint Denis (Reunion I.)  12.8  35.2
Pointe des Trois-Bassins (Reunion) 37
Cilaos (Reunion I.)        0.1  32
Gite de Bellecombe (Reunion)-5  25.5
Dzaoudzi AP (Mayotte)     15.6  35
Trevani (Mayotte)               36.4
Vahibe Prima (Mayotte)    14.5
Tromelin Island           17.4  35.5
Glorioso Island           15.9  35.1
Juan de Nova Island       18.2  36
Europa Island              9.4  35.8
Port Aux Francais (Kerguelen) -9.5  25.8
Possession Island (Crozet)    -6.6  23.6
Amsterdam Island         1.8  26.4
GABON
Libreville         16.1  35.1
Franceville          12  36.1
Mouila             12.5  37.2
Tchibanga            14  37.5
Mekambo              10
GAMBIA
Banjul              7.2  44.4
Kuntaur                  46.8
Jenoi                    46.8
Boraba              4.4          
GEORGIA
Tbilisi           -24.4  40.6*   * unofficial and questioned 42.0C was also recorded in July 1882
Kutaisi             -17  43.1
Batumi             -7.5  40.6
Zugdidi           -15.3  42.4
Mta Sabueti         -27  34.4
Martvili                 45.5*   * dubious
Kartsakhi           -41
Mt Kazbegi Met.Stat.-42  17
Sukhumi (Abkhazia)  -13  41.7
Pskhu (Abkhazia)    -27  41
Lata (Abkhazia)          43
Tskhinvali (S.Ossetia)-28 36
GERMANY
Berlin            -26.1* 38.9    * -31.9C was also recorded at Blankenburg station in January 1893
Koln              -24.9  41.1
Frankfurt         -27.2  40.2  
Munich            -31.6  37.7
Hamburg           -29.1  40.1
Stuttgart         -25.8  38.9
Essen               -24  40
Bremen            -23.6* 37.6    * a dubious -35.6C was recorded in December 1788
Dresden           -30.5* 39.8    * -32.1C was also recorded in December 1788
Hannover           -26*  38.9    * -29.4C was also recorded in December 1788
Leipzig           -27.6* 38.5    * -28.7C was also recorded in 1776
Dusseldorf        -22.8  40.7
Karlsruhe         -25.4  40.2
Heligoland        -11.2  28.7
Duisburg          -19.6  41.2
Tonisvorsts       -20.5  41.2
Lingen            -20.5  42.6    * questioned, likely taken under not proper conditions 
Landesbut           -45*         * unofficial
Funtensee         -45.8*         * unofficial, questioned
Hull              -37.8  37.4
Zugspitze         -35.6  17.9
GHANA
Accra                15  38
Kumasi             10.6  39
Bui                 6.7
Navrongo                 44.6
GREECE
Athens Hellinikon  -4.2  43
Athens Votanikos  -10.4  44.5
Elefsina             -7  48*     * questioned
Tatoi              -8.8  48*     * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Thessalonik         -14* 44      * -15C was also recorded in January 1858
Tripolis            -17  43
Patras             -6.4  43.5
Heraklion (Crete)    -1  44.4*   * 45.7C was recorded in the city station in 1916
Rhodes Airport     -3.9  42
Larissa           -21.6* 45.5    * -22C was also recorded in January 1858
Ptolemaida        -27.8  41.7
Kechroti          -35.3*         * unofficial
GRENADA
Saint George's Airp.16.7*34      * recorded in the old downtown station
Pearls Airport      16.1
Mac Donald College       35.7
Mirabeau             16
Grand Etang          13*         * very dubious
GUATEMALA
Guatemala City      4.2  33.9
Flores                9  43.6
Estanzuela            7  45
Gualan                6  47*     * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Usumatlan             8  47*     * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Puerto San Jose      12  40.2
Puerto Barrios       11  41
Huehuetenango      -5.5  35.4
Quetzaltenango    -11.5  30.2    
GUINEA
Conakry            16.1  38*     * 38.3C was recorded in the old Observatory
Labe                3.8  40
Mali Ville          1.4
Siguiri             6.8  42.5
Koundara                 45
GUINEA BISSAU
Bissau             12.2  41.4
Bolama             15.2  40
Bafata               10  43.6
Farim                 7  43.2
GUYANA
Georgetown         17.4* 36.3*   * extremes of 16.4C and 38.0C were also recorded at the Airport Station
Mazaruni             15  37.8
Kaieteur Falls       13
Lethem                   39.2
Ebini                    40.1
Mount Roraima         1*         * unofficial
HAITI
Port au Prince       15  39.4
Gonaives                 42*     * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Saint Marc               42*     * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Fort des Pins         1
Seguin                1
HONDURAS
Tegucigalpa         3.9  37.8
San Pedro Sula      9.4  43.3
Guayabillas              45.5*   * very dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Santa Rosa de Copan 2.9  37
La Esperanza       -0.6  31.9
El Pelon             -3*         * unofficial
HUNGARY
Budapest Observ.  -23.4* 40.1*   * extremes of -27C and 40.7C were recorded in the Airport stations
Debrecen          -31.6  40.2
Szeged            -29.1  40.1
Pecs                -27  41.3
Baja              -34.1  41
Kiskunhalas              41.9
Miskolctapolca      -35
Bukk Fennsic      -35.5*         * unofficial, recorded in a sinkhole
ICELAND
Reykjavik         -24.5  26.2 
Akureyri          -32.5* 29.4    * -35.7C also recorded in March 1810
Teigarhorn        -25.5  30.5 
Grimsey Island    -30.8  22.3*   * unofficial 26.2C in August 1876 was likely recorded under not standard conditions
Grimsstaoir       -37.9
Moorudalur          -38  32.8*   * unreliable, likely taken under not proper exposure conditions
INDIA
New Delhi City     -0.6  47.2
New Delhi Palam    -2.2  48.4
Mumbai Santacruz AP 7.4  42.2   
Mumbai Colaba Obs. 11.7  41.6 
Kolkata               5  43.9
Chennai            13.9  45
Bengaluru           7.8  39.2*    * temperatures as high as 41C were recorded in others city's suburbia stations
Prayagraj (Allahabad)-0.7  48.9
Lucknow              -1  48.3
Jaipur             -2.2  48.5
Nagpur              3.9  48.6
Hyderabad           6.1  45.5
Jammu               0.6  47.4
Chandigarh            0  46.5
Goa                13.3  39.8
Bikaner              -4  49.5
Ganganagar         -2.8  50
Phalodi            -3.3  51
Cherrapunji          -1  33.1
Srinagar          -19.9  38.3
Leh               -30.6  36.6   
Kargil            -32.8  38.4
Darbuk              -34
Dras                -45* 33      * Dras temperatures were likely taken under not proper conditions
Siachen Glacier     -55*         * unofficial,dubious
Amini Divi         18.3  37.7
Minnicoy Island    16.7  36.7
Port Blair (Andaman)16.1 36.8
Long Island (Andaman)    37.6
INDONESIA
Jakarta Observat.  18.9* 37*     * records of 16.9C and 37.9C were set at the Airport and the Port stations
Surabaya           16.5  38.8
Semarang             17  39.5
Cirebon Jatiwangi    17  40
Kotabumi                 40.2*   * dubious
Medan              17.2  37
Banjarmasin          17  39
Makassar           14.4  39
Den Pasar (Bali)     17  36.1
Jayapura           17.6  36.9
Wamena              4.9  31.6
Ambon              18.3  36.4
Kupang             14.2  38.4
Kertasarie Estate  -5.6         
Puncak Jaya          -8*         * unofficial
IRAN
Tehran            -20.6  43
Esfahan           -20.1  44.6
Shiraz              -14  43.6
Tabriz            -25.4  42
Mashad              -28  43.8
Abadan               -5  53
Ahvaz                -7  53.7
Jask                  5  47.2
Ardebil           -33.8  40.5
Saqqez              -36  41
Bijar               -36* 38.3    * a questioned temperature of -38C was likely recorded with not proper instruments
Kheyrabad         -36.4
Mt. Damavand        -54*         * unofficial
IRAQ
Baghdad            -8.5* 51.8    * unofficial temperature of -12.2C also recorded
Nassirya Airport   -7.2  53
Najaf              -7.2  51.5
Basra              -4.7  53.9
Kirkuk               -7  50.6
Mossul            -17.6  51.1*   * suspicious
Salahaddin        -10.2  41.8
IRELAND
Dublin            -15.6* 33.1*   * extremes of -15.7C and 31.9C were recorded at the Casement Aerodrome 
Cork               -9.4  29.4
Shannon           -11.9  32
Valentia           -7.7  29.8
Kilkenny          -14.1  33.3*   * dubious 
Lough Boora              32.5
Markree Castle    -19.1  29.4
ISRAEL
Tel Aviv           -1.9  43.6*   * a questioned 46.5C was also recorded in 1916
Jerusalem          -6.7  42.7*   * a questioned 44.4C was also recorded in 1881
Haifa              -3.5  44.6
Beer Sheva           -5  46.2
Eilat               0.9  48.9
Sedom                 3  49.9
Almog (Qalya)            51.2*   * unofficial 51.4C was also recorded in 2010
Tirat Tsvi                 54*   * wrong data caused by a faulty instrument
Merom Golan       -14.2  41.4
Mount Avital      -14.3*         * unofficial, questioned
Jericho (West Bank)-0.4  50.5
Hebron (West Bank) -8.6   
Gaza (Gaza Strip)    -2   45.9
ITALY
Rome Center        -7.5  42.9
Rome Fiumicino Air.-7.8  39
Milan City        -17.3  38.3*   * 38.8C was also recorded in other parts of the city
Turin Observatory -19.1  39.7*   * 41.6C was also recorded in the Turin North station
Florence City     -12.9  42.1
Florence Airport  -23.2  42.8
Venice              -15* 37.5    * -18C was also recorded in December 1788
Genoa              -8.5  38.5
Bologna           -18.8  40.5
Naples               -6* 40.5    * recorded at the Airport Station
Bari               -7.6  45.6
Palermo Observatory  -2  47
Cagliari           -4.8  44.6
Siracusa                 48.8
Lampedusa Island    2.2  40.9
Plateau Rosa      -34.6  15*     * unofficial 17.2C was also recorded nearby in 2003
Monte Rosa Obs.     -41  10.1
Mont Blanc          -43*  9.3    * recorded on the French side
Livigno             -38  29
Gran Gioves         -42
Busa Riviera      -50.4*         * recorded in a frost hollow
JAMAICA
Kingston           13.3  37.1
Montego Bay        12.8  37
St Andrews               39.1
Blue Mount.Range    0.7  23.3
JAPAN
Tokyo City         -9.2  39.5*   * unofficial 42.7C was recorded at the Primary School Station 
Osaka City         -7.5  39.1
Kyoto             -11.9  39.8
Sendai            -11.7  37.3
Sapporo           -28.5  36.3
Yamagata            -20  40.8
Kumagaya          -11.6  41.1
Mount Fuji          -38  17.8*   * questioned 18.2C also recorded in August 2007
Asahikawa           -41  37.9
Bifuka            -41.5* 35.9    * unofficial
Nagoya            -10.3  40.3
Hiroshima          -8.6  38.7
Nagasaki             -7* 37.7    * recorded at the Airport Station
Naha (Okinawa)      4.9  36    
Chichijima          7.8  34.1
Minamitorishima Is.13.8  35.6
JORDAN
Amman              -7.5  43.4*   * 44.4C was also recorded in the Queen Alia AP in August 2023
Ma'an              -8.4  43.5
Aqaba               0.6  48.8
Deir Alla                51.1
Shoubak             -14* 38.2    * a temperature of -16C in December 2013 is suspicious
KAZAKHSTAN
Astana            -51.6  41.6
Almaty            -37.7  43.4
Atbasar           -45.9* 41.6    * a dubious -57C also recorded in January 1893
Semey             -51.4  42.5
Kazalinsk         -41.1  45.2    
Pavlodar          -47.2  42
Fort Shevchenko     -30  41.8
Karaganda         -42.9  40.2
Turkestan         -38.6  49.1 
Tasty             -37.8  50*     * dubious
Orlovka             -62*         * dubious
KENYA
Nairobi               2  32.8
Mombasa            13.6  36.5
Garissa            13.9  41
Wajir              14.5  42.6
Eldoret             1.1  30.6
Ettrick Estate     -3.3
Teleki Valley       -13
Mount Kenya         -22  11
KIRIBATI
Bonriki (Tarawa)     20  35.3
Butaritari         18.9  35
Tabuaeran          18.3  34.2
Christmas Island   18.9  34.4
Beru               20.3  35.2
Kanton Island      21.1  35.6
Banaba               20  35.6
KUWAIT
Kuwait Int. Airport  -4  52.1    
Kuwait City        -4.4* 51.9    * a temperature of -6.1C was also recorded at Omariya Station in January 1964
Mitribah                 54*     * a faulty record of 54.4C in 2010 was taken under not proper exposure conditions
Bubiyan Island     -4.8  51.2
Al Salmi           -4.8  50.9
KYRGYZSTAN
Bishkek           -34.4  42.8
Jany-Zher         -42.7  43.6
Naryn               -38  36.9
Ak Say            -53.6  23.5
LAOS
Vientiane           2.4  42.6
Luang Prabang       0.8  43.5*   * a record of 44.8C was probably recorded with not proper instruments
Savannakhet           1  42*     * a 44.4C in April 1974 was recorded with not proper instruments
Pakse               7.2  41.3
Tha Ngon                 43.7
Xiang Khoang Plat. -3.3  37
LATVIA
Riga              -34.9  34.1*   * 35.0C was also recorded in July 1811
Liepaja           -32.9  35.6
Aluksne           -37.4  33.3
Daugavpils        -43.2  36.4
Rucava                   36.5
Ventspils                37.8*   * questioned
LEBANON
Beirut Observatory -1.1  43.2
Beirut Nazareth    -1.5  44.8
Tripoli            -2.3  39.6
Ksara             -18.3  41.2
Yammoune          -22.7*         * it is also found rounded to -23.5C
Houche Al Oumara         45.4
Haouch ed Dahab          46.7*   * very dubious, likely recorded with not proper instruments 
LESOTHO
Maseru              -10  39.4
Oxbow             -16.9
Lets'eng-La-Draai -20.4  31
Sani Pass         -27.5*         * questioned
LIBERIA
Monrovia Downtown    18  36.5
Roberts Int.Airport 12.8 36.7
Voinjama             4.4
Ganta                    40
Tapeta                   40
LIBYA
Tripoli City       -0.6  47
Tripoli Airport    -1.3  49.1
Misurata              0  47.6
Sirt                0.4  48.5
Benghazi Benina     0.6  45.6
Ghadames             -8  48.4
Jalo               -2.8  49.1
Zuwarah            -1.1  50.2
Hon                  -9  48
Al Azizia            -3  48*    * an old record of 58.0C was recorded under terrible exposure conditions
LIECHTENSTEIN
Vaduz               -26  36
Ruggel                   37.4
Malbun              -30  28
LITHUANIA
Vilnius           -37.2  35.4
Kaunas            -36.3  35.3
Zarasai                  37.5
Utena             -42.9  34.5
LUXEMBOURG
Luxembourg        -23.1  39
Remich              -19  40.5
Steinsel                 40.8
Wiltz             -24.6
MADAGASCAR
Antananarivo        1.2  34.8*   * an old record of 36C was also set in the Observatory 
Toamasina (Tamatave)  8  38.9
Tulear                6  42.3
Nosy Be            12.8  37
Antsiranana          13  36.7
Ejeda                    43.6
Nanokeli           -8.5
Mount Andringitra   -11  30
Andringitra Massif  -16*         * unofficial
MALAWI
Lilongwe           -0.6  38.9*   * dubious,recorded in the City Hall station
Blantyre            4.4  40.1*   * recorded at the Airport
Zomba                 5  38.6
Chelinda           -6.7  26.5
Nsanje                   46
Nkate               6.7  46
Chingala                 46
MALAYSIA
Kuala Lumpur       17.8  37.9
Penang               18  37.2
Malacca            18.9  38
Chuping            16.1  40.1
Cameron Highlands   2.2* 27.9    * an unofficial temperature of 0.1C was also recorded
Kuching            17.8  37.3
Sibu               16.5  37.1
Kota Kinabalu      18.6  36.5
Kudat              19.5  37.6
Keningau             15  37.3
Panar Laban Hut     0.6*         * unofficial
Labuan               20  37.1
MALDIVES
Male                 19  34.9
Hanimaadhoo        18.2  35.1
Gan                19.7  33.6
Kadhdhoo             20  34.8*   * a dubious 36.8C was recorded in May 1991
MALI
Bamako              6.1  46
Kayes               8.8  48.5
Gao                 6.5  48.2
Timbuctu            4.8  47.8
Kidal               0.5  47.8
MALTA
Valletta            1.2* 41.9    * a dubious 0.0C was also recorded in January 1858
Luqa Airport        1.4  43.8
Balzan              2.6  43.1
Ta'Qali            -1.7*         * unofficial
Nadur                    44.4
MARSHALL ISLANDS
Majuro               20  34*     * dubious
Kwajalein            20  33.3
Utirik                   35.6
MAURITANIA
Nouakchott          3.9  48
Nouadhibou            5  45.4
Bir Moghrein          1  49.1
Kiffa                 5  49
Atar                  2  48.9
Akjoujt               6  50*     * dubious
Moudjeria                50*     * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments
MAURITIUS
Port Louis         10.5  38*     * dubious
Plaisance Airport    11  34.4*   * a dubious 35.9C also recorded in January 1952
Pamplemousses       8.9  35.5  
Constance                36.6
Vacoas              7.7  31.6
Belle Rive          6.5	
Agalega Island     16.8  35.8
Rodrigues Island   14.5  34.1
Raphael Island(Cargados) 15.9  35.6* * unofficial and dubious reading of 36.1C was also recorded in 1946
MEXICO
Mexico City        -4.4  34.7
Guadalajara        -5.5  40.5
Monterrey          -8.5* 46.5    * an unofficial record of -15C was recorded in February 1895 in the highest parts of the city 
Acapulco             15  40.5
Puebla               -9  36
Tijuana            -1.5* 43.3    * a questioned -4.0C was also recorded in December 1954
La Paz             -1.9  44
Tampico            -2.5  45
Ciudad Victoria    -6.1  47.4
Cancun              7.2  39.5*   * dubious
Merida                5  44*     * a record of 45.0C was reported in the northern city statio
Mexicali             -8  52
Rancho Williams      -5  52*     * dubious
Delta                -6  52*     * dubious
Tepache            -4.5  52
Chihuahua           -16* 43.1      * -18C was also recorded at the Airport
Villa Ahumada       -30  46
Mohinora Peak       -31*         * unofficial
MICRONESIA
Pohnpei            18.1  36.1*   * a dubious 36.7C was also recorded in November 2009
Chuuk              18.9  35.6
Yap                18.3  35.9
MOLDOVA
Chisinau          -31.5  39.4
Bratuseni         -35.5
Falesti                  42.4
Tiraspol (Transnistria) -30* 41   * unofficial -32C was also recorded
Slobodzya (Transnistria)     41.9
Camenca (Transnistria)-32.8  41.5
MONACO
Monaco Ville          -3  34  
Jardin Exotique     -5.2  35.1
MONGOLIA
Ulaan Bataar        -49  39
Murun             -47.2  37.4         
Choibalsan        -41.6  41.9
Altai             -42.1  32
Khongor                  44.5
Tosontsengel      -52.9  36
Zungoovi          -55.3
Uvs Lake            -56
MONTENEGRO
Podgorica Downtown -9.7  44.8
Podgorica Airport   -12  42.5
Bar                -7.2  37.7
Danilovgrad              44.8
Rozaje              -32  36
Kosanica            -33.4
MOROCCO
Rabat Sale         -3.2  47.2      
Casablanca Airport -2.7  45.2
Fez Airport        -7.9* 46.7*   * records of -8.2C and 47.1C were taken in the City Observatory 
Tangier            -4.2  43.5 
Agadir             -2.6  50.4*   * a dubious record of 51.8C in August 1940 is probably incorrect
Sidi Ifni                51*     * dubious
Marrakech            -5  49.6
Essaouira           3.8  34
Ifrane              -24  37.8
Dayet Hachlaf     -25.5 
El Aaiun(W.Sahara)  2.8  47.2
Semara (W.Sahara)   2.8  50.7
Dakhla (W. Sahara)  7.2  42.2
MOZAMBIQUE
Maputo              5.1  45.5
Inhambane           6.6  37.3
Quelimane           9.9  44.4
Pemba                12  36
Tete                7.7  46
Maue               -2.8  37.4
Chibuto             7.5  47.3
MYANMAR
Naypyitaw            10  44.5
Yangon              9.1  42.5
Mandalay            5.6  45.6
Myinmu                   47.2
Kawthaung-Victoria P.15  40
Dawei               5.5  40.7
Myitkyina             5  41.8
Hakha                -6  32.5
NAMIBIA
Windhoek           -6.9  39.5
Gobabis            -9.9  41.7
Walvis Bay Airport    0  42.8
Noordoewer         -1.1  47.8
Stampriet         -10.5* 43.7    * recorded at Rohrback Farm
NAURU
Yaren              20.4  34.6*   * a dubious record of 35.3C was set in 1938 
NEPAL
Kathmandu          -3.9  37.8
Pokhara             0.5  38.5
Dhangadi              0  46.4
Jumla               -15  34.6
Lomantang         -22.5
Tsho Rolpa Lake   -23.2  14.6
Machhermo           -25*         * unofficial
NETHERLANDS
Amsterdam Airport -19.7  36.4
De Bilt           -24.7  37.5
Rotterdam         -20.3* 37.2    * -20.4C was recorded in the city station
Eindhoven         -21.7  40.4
Maastricht Airport-19.3* 39.6    * old city station also recorded -22.9C
Gilze Rijen       -20.2  40.7
Winterswijk       -27.4
Oranjestad (Aruba)             19  35.3
Queen Beatrix Airport (Aruba)  19  36.5
Flamingo Airport (Bonaire)   19.8  36.3
Kralendijk (Bonaire)           18* 35.5  * an unreliable 16.4C was recorded in December 1962  
Hato Airport (Curacao)         19  38.3
Willemstad (Curacao)           19* 36    * a dubious 17C was also recorded at the Fort Nassau station in 1933
Sumbu (Curacao)              18.9
Princess Juliana AP(St Maarten)17  35
Roosevelt AP(Sint Eustatius) 16.4  34.3
Oranjestad (Sint Eustatius)  16.3*       * a dubious 16.0C was also recorded in December 1966
Saba Airport (Saba)            20  34.4
National Marine Park (Saba)    16  35
Windwardside (Saba)            16
Hell's Gate (Saba)             16
NEW ZEALAND
Wellington         -1.9  30.6*   * an old record of 31.1C in 1895 is suspicious
Auckland           -2.5  33.1*   * a questioned temperature of 34.4C was recorded in Albert Park Station
Christchurch       -7.2* 41.6    * an old -10.4C was recorded in the outskirts of the city
Dunedin            -8.8  35.7
Invercargill       -9.1  32.3
Queenstown        -12.2  34.1
Westport           -3.5  29.2
Rangiora           -7.6  42.4
Ranfurly          -25.6  33.7
Raoul Island        7.4  31  
Chatham Island     -2.5  26.8
Campbell Island    -7.9  21.2
Enderby Island     -4.2  17.2
Alofi (Niue)           11.5  34.6
Hanan Airport (Niue)   10.6  33.9
Aitutaki(Cook Islands) 12.8  35.6*  * very dubious, likely recorded under not proper conditions
Avarua-Rarotonga(Cook)  8.9  35.4
Penrhyn (Cook Islands) 19.3  35.1
Fakaofo (Tokelau)        19  35.6
NICARAGUA
Managua              14  38.8
Leon                 13  40
Jinotega            8.6  34.6
Esteli              5.5  35.8     
Chinandega           11  41.6
San Francisco Libre      42*        * very dubious
Rivas              16.3  36.9 
Bluefields           16  39.4
NIGER
Niamey              8.3  47
Agadez                3  47.1
Bilma              -2.4  49
Nguigmi               3  47.1
Tillabery             6  47.5
NIGERIA
Abuja                 8  42
Lagos              13.9  38
Port Harcourt      13.9  38.6
Ilorin                9  40.2
Kano                3.9  44.8
Maiduguri           6.1  46.1
Yola                     46.4*   * dubious
Sokoto              3.9  47.2*   * very dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments
Jos                 1.1  37.2
Potiskum            2.8  46.1
NORTH KOREA
Pyongyang         -30.2  37.9
Chunggang         -43.6  40.2
Wonsan              -24  39.7
Sinuiju           -27.3  38.5
Haeju             -19.4  38
Hoeryong          -35.6  40.5
Sinmusong         -45.1
Baekdu Mountain     -51*         * unofficial
NORTH MACEDONIA
Skopje            -25.6  43.2
Bitola            -29.4  41.2
Stip              -24.4  43.5
Berovo            -31.5  39
Demir Kapija             45.7
NORWAY
Oslo Airport        -32  33 
Oslo City           -26* 35      * -27.9C was also recorded in February 1871
Bergen            -16.3  33.6
Trondheim         -26.1  35
Tromso City       -18.4* 30.2*   * -21.8C and 30.4C were also recorded in suburbia stations
Hammerfest        -23.5  29.7
Nesbyen             -38  35.6
Laksors                  35.6*   * unofficial
Roros             -50.4  30.7
Karasjok          -51.4  32.6
Finse             -39.6  24.8
Mount Fannaraki     -33  18.5
Bjornoya Island   -31.6  23.6
Hopen Island      -36.9  17.4
Jan Mayen Island  -30.6  18.1
Longyearbyen(Svalbard)   -46.3  21.7
Barentsburg (Svalbard)   -39.8  20.3
Gronfjorden (Svalbard)   -49.4
Bouvet Island     -18.7  10.6
OMAN
Muscat Airport      9.4  49.2
Salalah              10  47.2
Fahud               5.6  50.7
Buraimi             2.5  50.8
Sohar Majis         5.7  50.8
Joba                     51.6
Saiq               -3.6  37.1
Jabal ash Sham     -9.7  27.6
PAKISTAN
Islamabad          -4.3  46.6
Lahore             -2.2  48.3
Karachi               0  47.8
Jacobabad          -3.9  52.8
Mohenjo-daro       -5.4  53.5
Turbat               -2  53.5
Peshawar           -3.9  50
Dalbandin         -12.2  51.4
Quetta            -18.3  42
Skardu            -24.1  41*     * an old 42.7C was also recorded in another station
Astore              -26  37
Arboi               -30*         * unofficial
PALAU
Ngerulmud
Koror              20.6  35.6
Nekken Forestry    18.9  34.4
PANAMA
Panama City        17.2  37
Tocumen Airport      17  37.5
David              16.5  38
Santiago           15.6  39.4
San Francisco      15.4  40
Bajo Grande           2  26.2
Baru Volcano         -6*         * unofficial
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Port Moresby       14.4  37.2
Lae                17.3  39.4
Goroka              6.1  30.6
Laiagam              -5
Kieta (Bougainville)17.8 35.6
Buin (Bougainville)      36.7
PARAGUAY
Asuncion Downtown  -2.3  43.1
Asuncion Airport   -0.6  43*     * 43.9C was also recorded in the AWS station
Ciudad del Este      -3  42.4
Encarnacion          -6  42*     * 42.1C was also recorded in the AWS station
Concepcion         -2.8  43.5*   * 44.0C was also recorded in the downtown station 
Bahia Negra           0  44
Prats Gill         -7.5  45.4
Las Palmas               46.2
PERU
Lima                8.8* 33.8*   * extremes of 6.8C and 35.2C were also recorded in La Molina district
Iquitos            11.2  38.6
Cuzco                -9  29.9
Arequipa             -4  29.4
Tacna               0.6  33.5
Pucallpa              8  39.6
Piura               9.7  38.4
Inapari                  41.6
Nuevo Lima               41.6*   * dubious,likely taken under not proper exposure conditions
Macusani          -28.2
Chuapalca         -28.3*         * suspicious,likely taken under not proper exposure conditions
PHILIPPINES
Manila Metro       14.5* 38.8*   * old unofficial records were 13.5C in February 1767 and 39.7C in May 1878
Tuguegarao         12.2  42.2
Baguio                3  30.4
Mount Pulag          -8*         * unofficial
Basco              11.6  36.9
Cebu               16.9  37.5
Puerto Princesa    17.2  36.5
Cuyo                 19  37.2
Cotabato (Mindanao)17.4  38.7
Gen.Santos (Mindanao)16.9 39.4
Malaybalay (Mindanao)10  36.6
POLAND
Warsaw            -32.5* 38      * -33.7C was also recorded in February 1855 
Lodz              -30.3* 37.6    * -32.5C was also recorded in the Ruda Pabianicka station
Krakow            -35.5  38.4*   * 39.2C was also recorded in the Astronomical Observatory
Poznan            -29.1* 38.7    * -36.5C was recorded in January 1850
Gdansk            -31.8  35.8
Slubice           -29.4  39.5
Wroclaw             -32  38.9
Proszkow          -35.4  40.2
Kasprowy Wierch   -30.2  23.4
Zywiec            -40.6  38
Siedlce           -33.3* 35.5    * -41C recorded in January 1940 was likely taken with not proper instruments
Czarny Dunajec      -41* 33.9    * unofficial
Kalisz              -42* 38      * unofficial,dubious
Czechowice-Dziedzic -42*         * unofficial
Dubie               -42*         * unofficial,dubious
Rabka               -45* 34.4    * unofficial,questioned
Jablonka            -46* 33.9    * unofficial,questioned
PORTUGAL
Lisbon             -1.2* 44   * an old record of -3.5C was also set in 1766
Porto                -5  40.9 
Faro               -1.4  44.3
Setubal            -5.3  45.5
Beja               -5.5  45.4
Braganca            -12  41.3
Amareleja                47.4
Penhas da Saude     -16
Miranda do Douro    -16  42
Funchal (Madeira)   4.4  38.7
Quinta Grande (Madeira)  39.1
Santo da Serra (Madeira)     40* * unofficial
Arieiro Peak (Madeira)   -7
Bica da Cana (Madeira)   -9.5*   * dubious
Santa Maria (Azores)4.8  30.7
Lajes (Azores)      1.8  32.5
Cerrado dos Bezerros (Azores) 0.3  27
Cha das Lagoinhas (Azores)   -3.5
QATAR
Doha Airport          5  50.4
Umm Said              3  52.2*   * dubious
Abu Samra           1.5
ROMANIA
Bucharest           -30* 42.4    * -32.2C was also recorded in the Baneasa Airport in January 1942 
Timisoara         -35.3  41.1
Iasi              -36.3  41.3
Cluj              -34.2  38.5
Constanta           -25  38.5
Galati            -28.6  40.5
Miercurea Ciuc    -38.4  36      
Calafat             -26  44.3
Ion Sion Farm (Ramnicelu)44.5*   * questioned, likely recorded under not proper exposure conditions
Varfu Omul          -38  22.1
Bod               -38.5
Gheorgheni Depression   -43.5*   * unofficial
RUSSIA
Moscow Observatory-42.1  38.2*   * 39.7C was also recorded in the Bykovo Airport Station
St.Petersburg     -35.9  37.1
Nizhniy Novgorod  -41.4  38.3
Kaliningrad       -33.3  36.5
Archangelsk       -45.2  34.4  
Murmansk          -39.4  32.9
Omnsk               -49  40.4
Pechora             -56    35
Ust'Schugor (Europe)-58.1  35
Sochi             -13.4* 39.4    * unofficial lowest of -18C also recorded
Grozny (Chechnya) -31.5  42
Astrakhan         -33.8  41
Jaskul            -36.1  44.4
Utta                     45.4
Krasnoyarsk       -52.8  36.4
Hatanga             -59  36.7
Irkutsk           -49.7  37.2
Verkhojansk       -67.6* 38      * originally -69.8C, later corrected for reading and overexposure errors
Oymyakon          -67.7* 34.6    * an extrapolated data of -71.2C in 1926 is also on records
Vladivostok Port  -31.4  33.6
Magadan           -34.6  27.8
Yuzhno-Kuril'ske  -20.3  30.5
Cape Lopatka        -21  20
Ust Kara (Asia)     -50  42.7
Vize Island       -47.9  9.2
RWANDA
Kigali                9  35.4*   * an old record of 35.6C is probably unreliable
Butare              8.5  32
Kinigi                0
Ruhondo               0
ST KITTS AND NEVIS
Basseterre         16.1  35.1
Golden Rock AP       16  34.1
Nevis Airport        18  34.1
ST LUCIA
Castries           15.6  35.6
Soufriere          13.3* 36.1*   * Soufriere old data was likely taken with not proper instruments
Hewanorra Airport  16.1  33.9
Reunion                  35.6
ST VINCENT AND THE GRENADINES
Kingstown Downtown 16.7  33.9
Camden Park        17.2  35.6
SAMOA
Apia               16.1  35.2
Alaufa             15.3  34.9
Asau               16.8  36.5
Afiamalu            8.4  29.7*    * a dubious 31.8C was also recorded in 2015
SAN MARINO
San Marino City   -13.6  39.9
Serravalle          -18  40.3
SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE
Sao Tome           13.3  36
Sto Antonio(Principe)15.6 34.7
Monte Cafe          8.7  32.5
SAUDI ARABIA
Ryad               -7.2  49
Yenbo               4.7  49.6
Madinah              -1  49
Jeddah                9  52
Makkah                8  51.8
Gizan              11.8  45.3
Abha                0.2  38.1
Dhahran              -1  51.1
Shaybah               2  53*     * dubious
Khurais              -2  52
Turaif            -12.2  47
SENEGAL
Dakar              10.7  42.7
Matam               6.8  48.8
Podor               6.1  47.9
Fete Ole                 49*     * unofficial
Linguere            5.4  47.7*   * dubious
Kaolak              7.9  47.8*   * dubious
Ziguinchor (Casam.) 7.8  45
Tambacounda         7.2  47
Diourbel            4.2  47.5
SERBIA
Belgrade          -26.2* 43.6    * -29.5C was also recorded in the Zemun Polje Airport in 1963
Novi Sad          -30.7  41.6
Kraljevo          -27.1  44.3
Smederevska Palanka-32.6 44.9
Cuprija           -28.4  44.6
Nis               -23.7  44.2
Sjenica             -38  36.2
Karajukica Bunari -39.5
Kapaonik          -26.6  30
Pristina (Kosovo) -27.2  40
Prizren (Kosovo)  -23.6  42
Gnjilane (Kosovo) -32.5
SEYCHELLES
Port Victoria      19.3  32.8
La Pointe La Rue AP19.6  34.8
Aldabra Atoll      17.5  36.3
SIERRA LEONE
Freetown             15  37*     * a questioned record of 38.6C was taken under not proper exposure conditions
Bo                   12  38.5
Makeni                9  39.4
Daru               11.7  40
Njala               6.1  40
Mano                     40
Musaia                   40*     * suspicious, likely taken with not proper instruments
Kabala                5  37.8
SINGAPORE
Singapore Downtown 18.9  36.7
Changi Airport     20.2  36
Tengah Air Base    18.9  37
Ang Mo Kio               37
SLOVAKIA
Bratislava        -31.8* 39.4    * -36C was also recorded at Devínska Nová Ves Station in 1929
Kosice            -30.5  39
Hurbanovo           -35  40.3
Lomnicky Stit     -31.5  19.5
Viglas Pstrus-Dolina -41
SLOVENIA
Ljubljana         -26.4* 40.2    * -28.2C was also recorded at the old Brnik Station in 1940
Kocevje           -31.5  38
Murska Sobota       -31  40.1
Maribor           -26.7  40.6
Crnomelj          -26.3  40.6
Cerklje ob Krki          40.8
Trebnje                  41.4*   * unofficial,dubious
Mount Kredarica   -28.3  21.6
Babno-Polje       -34.5* 34.8    * unofficial temperature of -39.6C was recorded nearby in February 1929
Lepa Komna        -49.1*         * recorded in a frost hollow
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Honiara            16.6  36.1
Munda              17.4  35
Lata (Santa Cruz)  18.9  34.2
Kira Kira          15.6* 35.7*   * very dubious
Tulaghi                  36.1*   * dubious
SOMALIA 
Mogadishu            15  39.8
Kisimayo             18  37.8
Baidoa             16.1  38.9
Bosaso                   45.3
Qardho               5.6
Berbera (Somaliland)12.2 47.8
Hargeysa (Somaliland)2.8* 37.7     * old records as low as -1.1C are not reliable
Erigavo (Somaliland)-3.3* 30.6     * dubious, like taken with not proper instruments
SOUTH AFRICA
Cape Town Observ.   1.4* 42.4    * -2.2C was also recorded in the former Wingfield airfield
Pretoria           -6.1  42.7
Bloemfontein      -12.2  42*     * an old dubious 42.8C also recorded
Johannesburg       -8.2  38.9
Cape Point          3.5  39.3
Durban              2.6  41.9
Port Elizabeth     -0.5  40.7
Sutherland        -16.4  37.9
Buffelsfontein    -20.1* 38.6    * dubious
Vioolsdrif               48.8   
Dunbrody                 50*     * very dubious
Marion Island      -6.8  25.6
SOUTH KOREA
Seoul             -23.1* 39.6    * -24.4C was also recorded in another city station
Incheon             -21  38.9
Busan               -14* 37.3    * -15.0C was also recorded in the Airport Station
Taegu             -20.2  40
Jeju                 -6* 37.5    * -7C was also recorded in the Airport Station
Yangpyong         -32.6  37.6
Taegwalliong      -28.9  32.9
Cholwon             -33* 38.4    * unofficial
SOUTH SUDAN
Ramciel             8.3* 43.3*   * data from nearby town of Rumbek
Juba               11.1  44.5
Wau                 9.3  44.6*   * an old suspicious 46.0C also recorded
Raga                3.6  43.9
Renk                7.6  47.3
SPAIN
Madrid Retiro Obs.-10.4  40.7
Madrid Barajas AP -15.2  42.7   
Barcelona City     -6.8* 39.8*   * extremes of -10.0C and 40.0C were recorded at the Fabra Hill Observatory
Barcelona Airport    -8  37.4
Seville            -5.8  46.6
La Coruna City       -3  39.6
Valencia             -8* 44.7*     * extremes of -9.5C and 46.8C were also recorded in the Manises Airfield
Granada Airport   -14.2  46
Malaga Airport     -3.8  44.2
Leon              -17.4  38.2
Bilbao             -8.6* 44      * an old record of -11.2C was likely taken with not proper instrument
Ibiza Island         -3  41
Calamocha           -30  39.9
Murcia               -6* 47      * -7.5C was also recorded in the Maciascoque Observatory in 1985
La Rambla                47.6
Totana                   48*     * unofficial
Utrera                   48*     * unofficial
Arahal                   49*     * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments
Lora del Rio             48*     * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments
La Palma del Condado     48*     * dubious,likely taken with not proper instruments
Estany Gento        -32  27.1
Vega de Liordes   -35.8*         * unofficial,recorded in a sinkhole
Viña Acevedo (Ceuta)1.3  40.8
Monte Hacho (Ceuta)-0.4  38.5
Melilla            -0.5  41.8
Sta Cruz de Tenerife(Canary)8.1 42.6
Gran Canaria AP (Canary)    6.5 44.2
Fuerteventura AP (Canary)     8 43
La Palma AP (Canary)        9.4 38.4
Lanzarote AP (Canary)       7.6 43.6
Hierro AP (Canary)            8 34.2
Arrecife (Canary)             7 48*  * dubious
Izana (Canary)             -9.8 30.4
Teide Peak (Canary)       -16.8 25.8
Canada de la Grieta(Canary)-21* 34   * unofficial 
SRI LANKA
Colombo            15.2  37
Negombo Airport    15.3  38.4
Batticaloa         16.9  39
Trincomalee        16.5  39.8
Anuradhapura       11.8  39.8
Vavuniya                 40.1
Bandarawela         5.3  33
Nuwara Eliya       -2.7  27.7
SUDAN
Khartoum            5.2  47.7
Port Sudan           10  48.9
Wadi Halfa            1  49.5
Abu Hamed           4.1  49.5
Dongola               1  49.7
Zalingei             -1  42.7
El Fasher           0.6  46.3
Damazine            8.5  47
SURINAME
Paramaribo         14.4  37.8
Zanderij           14.3  38
Nickerie           16.4  35
Placers L en F de Jong 17  39.3* * dubious
SWEDEN
Stockholm Observ.   -32* 36*     * old dubious records, likely taken with not proper instruments
Stockholm Bromma  -32.8  35.3
Gothenburg        -26.4  34.1
Malmo               -28  34
Uppsala           -39.5  37.4
Linkoping         -33.5  36.9
Vasteras          -36.5  36
Malilla           -33.8  38*     * dubious
Ultuna            -32.2  38*     * dubious
Karesuando          -49* 32.5    * an unofficial reading of -54C was recorded in the churchyard of the town
Pitea             -41.5  34.9
Nikkaluokta       -49.4  28.5  
Vuoggatjalme      -52.6  29.3
Malgovik            -53*         * very questioned, recorded with private equipments
Buttle (Gotland Is.)-32.8  35.2
Ekerum (Oland Is.)  -29.2  33
Mossen (Oland Is.)  -26.1  34.5
SWITZERLAND
Bern              -23.3  37
Geneva            -19.9* 39.7    * -25.3C was also recorded in January 1838
Zurich Observat.  -24.2  36*     * a reading of 37.7C of 1947 have been corrected to 35.8C by Meteo Swiss
Zurich Airport    -24.8  37.1
Basel             -24.1  39.1
Grono               -13  41.5*   * questioned,recorded under not proper conditions
Lugano              -14  37.1*   * a reading of 38.0C of 1945 have been discounted by Meteo Swiss
Saentis             -32  21
Jungfraujoch      -36.6  12.8
La Brevine        -42.5* 33.7    * originally -41.8C, later corrected by Meteo Swiss
Glattalp          -52.5*         * unofficial,recorded in a hollow frost
SYRIA
Damascus Airport  -13.5* 46      * -15C was also recorded in Madaya Station in 1950
Aleppo              -18  47.4
Palmyra           -10.4  48.3
Deir El Zor       -10.4  48.8
Hassakah            -11  49.4
Tel Abiadh        -16.5  46.5
Idlib               -23      
TAIWAN
Taipei             -0.2  39.7
Taichung             -1  39.9*   * a semi official reading of 41.2C was also in the Agro station 
Kaohsiung           4.4  37.2
Taitong             7.2  40.2
Penghu Island       7.2  36.7
Alishan           -11.5  25.5
Yushan North Peak -18.4  23.8
Fuyuan                   41.6
TAJIKISTAN
Dushanbe            -29  44.1
Khorog (Gorno Bad.) -32  39
Shaymak           -51.6  27
Eastern Pamir       -63*        * unofficial
Khundjand         -22.8  45.9
Qurghonteppa      -24.1  46
Aivadj                   47
Nizhniy Pyandzh     -27  48*    * dubious
TANZANIA
Dar es Salaam Air. 12.8  36.3
Dodoma              7.6  36.7
Tanga              15.5  35.2
Mbeya              -5.5* 32     * dubious
Moshi                 8  38.9
Kilimanjaro Airport   6  38.7
Kisauni (Zanzibar)   16  39.4
Wete (Pemba)       15.6
Mount Kilimanjaro  -22*         * unofficial
THAILAND
Bangkok             9.9  41
Pattaya            14.6  37.3
Phuket             17.4  39.4
Koh Samui          17.8  38
Narathiwat         17.1  39
Chiang Mai          3.7  42.5
Chiang Rai            1  42
Udon Thani          2.5  44.1
Ubon Ratchathani    6.7  43.3
Sakon Nakhon       -1.4  43.4
Dan Sai            -1.5
Tak                 4.7  45.4
Doi Inthanon         -8
Mt.Luang Chiang Dao  -9*         * unofficial
TIMOR LESTE
Dili               11.8  36.6
Viqueque             12  38
Manatuto                 38.5
Oecusse            15.6  35.4
Hato Builico          1  25
TOGO
Lome               14.3  37.8
Sokode               10  41.2
Mango                10  44
Palime              9.8  37
TONGA
Nuku'Alofa          8.3  33.9
Fuaamotu Airport    8.7  34.4
Keppel Island      11.1  34.6
Niuafoou           13.2  35.5  
TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO
Port of Spain AP   15.6* 36.5    * a temperature of 14.4C in December 1929 is suspicious
Tobago Airport     18.2  34.2
Penal                15
TUNISIA
Tunis              -3.8  49
Bizerte              -2  48.9
Sfax Airport       -2.3  47.8
Djerba                0  47.5
Kebili               -5  48.9*   * a wrong record of 55.0C was taken under terrible exposure conditions
Kairouan           -4.5  50.3
Burj al-Hattabah     -9
Bou Chebka        -10.3
TURKEY
Ankara Downtown   -24.9  41
Ankara Airport    -31.2  41.2
Istanbul          -16.1  41.5
Izmir             -11.1  43.2
Luleburgaz (Europe)-27.8 44.6
Erzurum             -40  36.5
Antalya            -7.8  45.6
Iskenderun         -3.2  43.7
Samsun             -9.8  39
Diyarbakyr        -24.2  46.2
Sanliurfa         -12.4  46.8
Cizre                    49.1
Agri (Karakose)   -45.6  39.9
TURKMENISTAN
Ashgabat            -28  47.2*   * unofficial reading of 48C also recorded
Turkmenabad       -25.4  46.4
Serhetabat(Kushka)-33.8  47.6
Repetek Reserve     -31  50.1
Chesme              -35  49
Dashoguz            -36*         * unofficial
TUVALU
Funafuti           19.7  35.3*   * an old record of 36.1C is probably unreliable
Nui                19.5* 35.9*   * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments 
Niulakita          20.6  36.1*   * dubious, likely taken with not proper instruments 
Nanumea                  35.5
UGANDA
Kampala              10  36.2
Entebbe Airport      10  32.2
Kabale              2.8  31
Soroti                   40.1*   * dubious,likely taken under not proper conditions
Kitgum                   40
Mbarara            -1.1*         * unreliable,likely taken under not proper conditions
Rwenzori Range     -7.7*         * unofficial
UKRAINE
Kyiv              -32.9  39.4
Odessa              -29  39.3
Kharkiv           -35.6  39.8
Lviv              -33.6  37
Ivano Frankivsk   -34.1  37.3
Simferopol        -30.3  39.5
Yalta             -15.1* 39.1    * unofficial -17.8C was also recorded
Voznesensk        -29.7  41.3
Lukhansk          -41.9  42
Ai Petri          -27.4  30.2
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
Abu Dhabi Airport   5.4  49.3
Sharjah             2.5  49.3
Dubai               7.4  49.3*   * 50.0C was also recorded in the DWC Airport in 2018
Ras al Khaimah      4.3  49
Fujairah           10.8  50.2
Al Jazeera          1.3  52.1*   * suspicious
Mezaira             5.6  51.8  
Swiehan             4.6  51.8
Rakhna               -2  50
Jabal Jais         -5.7  36.5
UNITED KINGDOM (and Crown's dependencies)
Greater London    -18.8* 40.2    * -21.1C also recorded in December 1796 and January 1795
Birmingham        -15.8  37      * -20.8C was also recorded at the Airport
Liverpool           -14  36
Manchester        -17.8* 37.7    * an old record of-24C was taken with not proper instruments
Cambridge         -17.8  39.9
Oxford            -17.8  36.5
Aberdeen          -20.6  30
Glasgow           -19.9  31.9*   * 32.4C was also recorded in the Prestwick Airport in 1948
Edinburgh         -17.4  31.6
Cardiff           -16.7  34.5
Belfast           -12.8* 30.8    * -14.9C was also recorded at the Airport Station in December 2010
Cairngorm         -16.5  21.7
Blackadder        -30.6*         * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1879
Saint Albans      -33.9*         * unofficial and questioned reading recorded in December 1788
Coningsby (England)      40.3
Hawarden (Wales)         37.1
Charterhall (Scotland)   34.8
Edgomond(England)       -26.1 
Braemar (Scotland)      -27.2  28
Altnaharra (Scotland)   -27.2
Rhayader (Wales)        -23.3
Castlederg (N. Ireland) -18.6  31.3
Edenfel (N.Ireland)     -19.4*   * unofficial, recorded under not standard exposure conditions
Jersey Mason St Louis       37.9
Jersey St. Helier    -10.3  36
Jersey Airport       -10.9  37.8
Guernsey Airport      -7.2  34.3
Rocquaine Bay (Guernsey)    35
St Martin (Guernsey)  -9.2
Alderney Island         -9* 35*   * questioned
Sark Island           -7.5  33.3
Isle of Man Airport   -9.1  28.9
Douglas (Isle of Man)-11.9  29.6* * unofficial, dubious
St.Mary's (Scilly Is.)-7.3  27.8
Kirkwall (Orkney)     -7.8  25.6
Deerness (Orkney)    -13.3*       * dubious
Lerwick (Shetland)    -8.9  23.4
Baltasound (Shetland)-11.9  24.4
Sumburgh (Shetland)    -10  27.8
Stornoway (Hebrides) -12.2  26.3 
Benbecula (Hebrides)        27.2
Fair Isle             -5.6  20.2
Sule Skerry             -3  20
Gibraltar             -2.9  40.6
Wade Airport (Bermuda) 6.7  33.9
Prospect (Bermuda)     6.1  34.9
Fort George (Bermuda)  5.2  34.5  
Plymouth (Montserrat) 15.6  33.9
Grand Turk (Turks C.) 15.6  35.6
Owens Roberts AP(Cayman I.)11.1  34.9
West Bay (Cayman I.)       11.2  34.9
Georgetown (Cayman I.)           36.3*  * unofficial, recorded with a private equipment
The Valley (Anguilla) 17.9  34.2
Tortola (Virgin Is.)  16.7  34.4       
Beef Is. AP (Virgin I.) 19  35
Stanley (Falkland I.)-11.2  26.1
Mount Pleasant (Falkland I.) -10.4 29.2
Fox Bay (Falkland I.)              29.6
Darwin (Falkland I.)         -14.4
Pebble Island (Falkland I.)   -4.4 21
Weddell Island (Falkland I.)  -7.2 23.2
Sea Lion Island (Falkland I.) -8.7 22.4
Grytviken (South Georgia)    -19.4 28.8  
Bird Island (S.Georgia)      -11.4 14.5
South Thule Isl.(S.Sandwich) -29.8 18.3
Jamestown (St Helena) 14.4  33.9
St Matthews (St Helena)7.8  28.8
Wide Awake F.(Ascension)18.3 33.5
Georgetown (Ascension)18.8  35.3
Residency (Ascension) 14.5  30.8
Tristan da Cunha Is.   2.4  27.6
Gough Island          -2.7  28.6
Diego Garcia Island   18.3  37.2
Adamstown (Pitcairn)    10  30.3
Henderson Isl.(Pitcairn)    35

UNITED STATES

URUGUAY
Montevideo         -5.8* 42.8    * -7.4C was also recorded in the Carrasco Airport
Salto              -5.3  42.5
Rocha              -5.8  42
Artigas            -5.2  42
Mercedes           -8.2  42.8*   * 44.6C in 1923 was likely taken with not proper instruments
Rivera             -5.4  42.2*   * 44.0C in 1953 was likely taken with not proper instruments
Paysandu           -7.4  44
Florida                  44
Melo                -11  42.1*   * 43.1C in 1935 was likely taken with not proper instruments
UZBEKISTAN
Tashkent          -29.5  44.6
Termez            -23.9* 47*     * unofficial old readings of -25C and 50.5C were taken with not proper conditions
Tamdy             -30.1  48.4
Samarkand         -25.4  42.4
Kulkuduk            -37  47
Mashikuduk          -25  49.7
Karakalpakiya     -39.8  46
VANUATU 
Port Vila Airport   8.5  35.7
Santo-Pekoa Airport12.6  34.4
Aneityum             11  34.3
Sola Vanua Lava      12  35
Lamap Malekula     13.5  36.2
VATICAN CITY*      -7.2  42.9      * data from the Rome Center stations of Macao and Collegio Romano is used
VENEZUELA
Caracas Downtown    7.1* 35.3*   * temperatures of 6.0C and 35.5C were recorded in other city's stations
Caracas Airport    15.4  37.1
Maracaibo            17  41
Ciudad Bolivar     17.7  40.4
Coro                 18* 43.6    * an old record of 16.0C was likely affected by overexposure
Maracay            10.8  38.5
Margarita Island     16  38
Merida              7.9  33.2
Mucubaji           -8.6  22.2
Piedras Blancas     -12*         * unofficial
VIETNAM
Hanoi               2.7  41.5*   * an old record of 42.8C at the Gia Lam Airport was taken under not standard exposure conditions
Ho Chi Min City    13.8  40.6*   * an old record of 41.7C was taken with not proper instruments
Vinh                  4  42.9
Hue                 8.8  42.2 
Da Nang             9.2  41.5*   * 42.0C was also recorded at the Airport
Na Thrang          14.6  39.5
Tuong Duong         1.7  44.2
Sa Pa              -6.1  29.8
Fansipan Mountain   -11
Truong Sa (Spratly)18.4  36.9
YEMEN
Sanaa              -5.8  34.4
Aden               14.1  43.3
Ryan               13.8  43.9
Seiyoun                  46.3
Kitab                -9
Socotra Island       17  42
ZAMBIA
Lusaka              0.2  39.6
Livingstone        -3.7  41.3
Mfuwe                 1  43.5
Luangwa                  44.4
Lusitu                   46.4*   * dubious,likely recorded with not proper instruments
Sesheke            -7.2
ZIMBABWE
Harare             -1.2  36.7
Bulawayo             -4  39.3
Victoria Falls     -4.3  41.1
Beitbridge         -1.1  46.8
Buffalo Range       0.6  47.6
Matopos           -10.3  38.7
Matobo Hills      -12.7

ANTARCTICA
Vostok            -89.2 -12.2
Amundsen-Scott    -82.8 -12.3
Mc Murdo          -50.6  10.5
Palmer              -31  11.6
Byrd              -64.4  6
Mawson              -36  10.6
Casey               -41  9.2
Davis             -41.8  13
Scott Base          -57  7.5
Vanda                    15
Halley            -55.4  6.8 
Rothera Point     -39.5  12
Dumont D'urville  -37.5  9.9
Neumayer          -50.2  4.3
Mirny             -40.3  8.7
Vernadsky         -43.3  12.7
Sanae             -57.9  6.5
Syowa             -45.3  10
King Sejong       -25.6  13.2
Zhongshan         -45.7  9.6
Maitri              -38  12.2
Belgrano II       -47.9  11.4
Marambio          -38.3  17.4
Esperanza         -32.6  18.4
San Martin          -47  14.3
Bernardo O Higgins-34.4  12
Eduardo Frei      -28.7  13
Juan Carlos I-Livingstone I. (Shetlands)-22.6  15.5
King George I.(Shetlands)-32.3  16.7
Prat-Greenwich I.(Shetl.)  -30  13
Orcadas-Laurie Is.(Orkneys)-44  15.2
Signy Island (Orkneys)   -40.1  19.8

MARS
Viking Lander I    -96  -17.4
Viking Lander II  -121  -22.2
Phoenix          -97.7  -19.6  
Spirit             -90   35*    * possibly overestimated air temperature
Opportunity        -80   30*    * possibly overestimated air temperature
Curiosity          -90   11
Gale Crater       -127   20




Special Notes:

-The registers of temperatures have been taken during different periods of time, so while for certain stations data are available since the begin of the modern era in 1850 and even before, for other stations data are available only for some decades.

-Some old data with not decimal points could have been rounded.

-For some localities ,records have been merged from different stations when there are no significative microclimatic differences. If there are microclimatic differences,data have been separated.

-Data have been checked by daily and hourly basis for every station, in most cases with extensive quality controls,weather maps, satellite maps, etc.... The best effort has been made during several years of data checking,to remove all faulty records and to include all genuine and reliable records. This has been possible with several billion data checked with the help of hundreds of specialists, climatologists, observatories's staff and with the help of National Institutes of Meteorology of over 150 countries.

-In the case of doubt, please contact the editor.

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